标准制修订项目的目标管理初探

文章介绍了运用工作分解结构、技术就绪水平等概念进行目标管理的一种方法,并初步探讨了该方法在标准制修订项目中的运用。     

Global monetary policy under a dollar standard

This paper derives an optimal monetary policy in a world with a dollar standard, defined as an environment in which all traded goods prices are set in US dollars, so that exchange rate pass-through into the US price level is zero. We show that the US is essentially indifferent to exchange rate volatility, while the rest of the world places a high weight on exchange rate volatility. In a Nash equilibrium of the monetary policy game, US preferences dominate; the equilibrium is identical to one where the US alone chooses world monetary policy. Despite this, we find surprisingly that the US loses from the dollar's role as an international currency, since the absence of exchange rate pass-through leads to inefficient expenditure allocations within the US. Finally, we derive the conditions for a dollar standard to exist.     

公共救助分配中的公平与效率

现代市场经济以其充分满足消费者需求的效率而备受推崇,但其运行的结果会产生收入分配不公和低收入群体的负面影响。公共救助是向低收入群体传递与分配社会资源的重要机制。本文首先从公共救助分配的公平机制入手,分析了建立政府主导型公共救助制度的必然性。然后从社会福利这一新的视角来界定公共救助的内涵,以充分体现特定的社会价值观念取向。最后探讨了我国公共救助制度的有关效率问题。     

The welfare costs of expected and unexpected inflation

The monetary search model by Lagos and Wright (2005) is extended with imperfect information about nominal shocks as in Lucas (1972). An analytical solution exists with logarithmic preferences. In general, individuals hold precautionary balances. Calibrated to United States postwar data, the welfare cost of the monetary cycle is calculated to be small (below 0.0003% of GDP) compared to the welfare cost of the inflation tax (around 0.25% of GDP). The main reason for the minute welfare cost of the monetary cycle is its low amplitude in 1947-2007. But, monetary crashes, such as those experienced during the Great Depression, can generate important welfare costs.     

开放条件下知识产权保护和社会福利效应

开放条件下知识产权保护和社会福利效应的规范研究显示,发达国家从创新主体利益角度,要求发展中国家加强知识产权保护,但这并不能保证发达国家及世界福利水平的提高;技术创新和技术扩散是知识产权保护影响福利水平的两个最重要传导机制,其对南方国家知识产权保护的反应也存在不确定性。一些实证研究显示,知识产权保护对经济增长、国际贸易、FDI和技术转让均有影响。从减少贫困和失业以及产业结构变迁等发展经济学视角展开研究,是对现有文献的一个重要拓展方向。     

资产证券化流动性的系统协同分析

在系统协同视角下,资产证券化流动性具有三个层次,第一层次指被证券化资产的流动性,第二层次指资产支持证券的一级市场流动性,第三层次指资产支持证券的二级市场流动性,前两个层次流动性的成败最终取决于第三层次的流动性。资产证券化流动性的系统协同要素包括市场基础、工具创新以及风险监管。解决我国资产证券化流动性不足的出路在于层次和要素的系统协同。     

发挥基层央行职能作用 提升“三农”金融服务水平

近年来,中国人民银行长春中心支行认真贯彻落实总行、分行关于改善＂三农＂金融服务的各项部署和要求,从加强政策引导、推动农村金融创新、改善农村支付环境、探索构建农村信用体系以及推进农村信用社改革等方面积极开展工作,并取得了显著成效,从而有力支持了＂三农＂的健康发展。长春中心支行将继续认真贯彻落实总行、分行的部署,不断推进金融支农工作扎实深入开展,从而为全面建设小康社会做出积极贡献。     

中国人口年龄结构与养老保险制度的福利效应

预测表明，中国人口老龄化程度则在2005年以后不断增加；与此同时，在2030年以前城镇有效劳动力数量不断增加，随后会下降。在此背景下中国的养老保险制度应该在多大程度上发挥再分配的功能是养老保险制度改革需要确定的一个原则。采用中国的参数．评价养老保险制度的福利效应是本文的主要目的。养老保险的福利效应对不同时期出生的人有所差异，如果政府的目标函数兼顾效率和公平。可以得到一个对于社会总福利而言最优的养老保险规模。我们的模拟表明一个合适的现收现付制的养老保险制度在中国可以改进社会总福利。     

Multidimensional inequality with variable population size

Summary. We study inequality in a context of more than one variable by extending a celebrated result of Hardy, Littlewood and Pölya (1934) to the case of distributions with variable population sizes, whose individuals differ in many characteristics besides income. A new ordering between rectangular matrices, representing such distributions, is provided and characterized by convexity theory.Received: 19 October 2003, Revised: 7 September 2004, JEL Classification Numbers: D31, D63, I31.I am indebted to C. d’Aspremont, V. Dardanoni, G. Koshevoy, K. Mosler and especially J. Weymark and an anonymous referee for many useful comments.